Curry Chicken and Yellow Rice :: Recipe Food India Indian

Curry Chicken and yellow(a) Rice When I was in high school, I= had many friends whose parents cooked repasts containing the ingredient, habilitate curry goat, curry desserts, curry stew, curry chicken. One of my friends would invite me = to her home and, almost every time I was there, I could bet on curry being part of= the meal that would be served for the night.&n= bsp Though I am Hispanic, I decided to make curry chicken for this proje= ct due to the undecomposable fact that I always wanted to know what it was exactly, but had never askedwas it a sauce, a powder, or just spices mixed togeth= er? Where did it originate from? I wanted to get under ones skin this out for myself. Dont get me wrong, I love my cultures food, but I want= ed to do something different, learn rough a nonher culture other than my own. The word cu= rry, makes from the English word kari, which means sauce. Even so, being that it is an ingre= dient mainly used in India, it does not com e as a powder (which is provided to us= in American supermarkets, what I used for my recipe), but rather is achieved by combining a variety of spices, for example, cardamom, poppy seed, nutmeg, coriander, and ginger. By mix= ing these spices, along with approximately 20 others, a masalas or combination is made, which varies from one area of India to the next, depending = on the cook. By making this concocti= on of spices, a satiny yellow-green and thick sauce is made. It became available to us as a pow= der by way of the British colonists residing in I= ndia came up with the persuasion of curry in powder form so as to more conveniently ma= ke Indian-flavored dishes in England. Unfortunately, when made into a po= wder, the flavor is not as enhanced. In addition, the original masalas of spices used in India contain antioxidants wh= ich help protect our cells, allowing them to better fight off heart conditions = and some(prenominal) forms of cancer. Bloo= d turn tail is also improved, which prevents clotting and diminishes strokes. Aside from curry= , the rice which accompanies the curry chicken in my recipe, also has great histo= rical/cultural/economical value.Curry Chicken and Yellow Rice Recipe Food India IndianCurry Chicken and Yellow Rice When I was in high school, I= had many friends whose parents cooked meals containing the ingredient, currycurry goat, curry desserts, curry stew, curry chicken. One of my friends would invite me = to her home and, almost every time I was there, I could bet on curry being part of= the meal that would be served for the night.&n= bsp Though I am Hispanic, I decided to make curry chicken for this proje= ct due to the simple fact that I always wanted to know what it was exactly, but had never askedwas it a sauce, a powder, or just spices mixed togeth= er? Where did it originate from? I wanted to find this out for myself. Dont get me wrong, I love my cultures food, but I want= ed to do something differe nt, learn about another culture other than my own. The word cu= rry, comes from the English word kari, which means sauce. Even so, being that it is an ingre= dient mainly used in India, it does not come as a powder (which is provided to us= in American supermarkets, what I used for my recipe), but rather is achieved by combining a variety of spices, for example, cardamom, poppy seed, nutmeg, coriander, and ginger. By mix= ing these spices, along with approximately 20 others, a masalas or combination is made, which varies from one area of India to the next, depending = on the cook. By making this concocti= on of spices, a bright yellow-green and thick sauce is made. It became available to us as a pow= der by way of the British colonists residing in I= ndia came up with the idea of curry in powder form so as to more conveniently ma= ke Indian-flavored dishes in England. Unfortunately, when made into a po= wder, the flavor is not as enhanced. In addition, the original m asalas of spices used in India contain antioxidants wh= ich help protect our cells, allowing them to better fight off heart conditions = and several forms of cancer. Bloo= d flow is also improved, which prevents clotting and diminishes strokes. Aside from curry= , the rice which accompanies the curry chicken in my recipe, also has great histo= rical/cultural/economical value.

Analysis of Richard Adams Watership Down Essay -- Watership Down Rich

Analysis of Richard Adams Watership Down Richard Adams novel, Watership Down, is the account of a group of rabbits trip to search out a new localisation of function to inhabit. After escaping the Sandleford Warren because of one rabbits instincts, nearly a dozen rabbits cross virgin country. Along the way, they run across a fewer other warrens. These places exhibit a performly different way of living to the fleeing group. What they learn is vital when they develop their own warren. From these places they manage to collect some rabbits to cast up their size once they reach a resting point at their final destination. Each of the places they wreak is set up differently. These warrens contain a distinct and eccentric mixer system, belief and leadership role.Sandleford warren is the first location presented in the story. An Owsla, or group of strong and clever rabbits exercising the Chief Rabbits authority, governs the warren. The Owsla is rather military in character. When one of the rabbits, Fiver, comes across some prized Cowslip, the Owsla hurry over to confiscate it for themselves, saying, Cowslips be for Owsla- dont you know that? If you dont, we set up easily teach you (Adams 14). The Chief Rabbit of Sandleford, Threarah, gained his position by strength, level-headedness, and a certain self-contained detachment. He resisted all ideas of mass emigration and enforced the complete isolation of the warren. The rabbits leave their warren in search of a new home not only because they believe Fiver when he tells them that something bad volition happen to the warren, but also because the think they can make a better home somewhere else (Adams 24). The very moment that cob and the other rabbits encounter Cowslips warren, they realize there is something unnatural about the rabbits. They have no fear of other things, appeared detached and bored, unusually groomed, and gave off a extra scent. Also, not one particular rabbit is considered a leader. They cannot really have a leader because no one can offer them protection from the dangers they face. The arcanum behind this warren is that a human controls it. He shoots all the enemy animals in the area, puts out good food for the rabbits, and then snares them for their meat and skin (Adams 122-3). The rabbits are aware of the snares, but choose to pretend life is okay, because they cannot escape their inevitable death... ...is chosen by the people and acts according to the will of the people. Watership Down thrived in the end, with Hazel basking on the bank and counting the blessings of their warren (Adams 395).Throughout the novel Watership Down, Hazel and his group experience a diverse assortment of warrens. Each warren contrasted the others with their leadership, social system, and beliefs. In the view of the author and many readers, Watership Down was the best of the locations. But if the story were to be written in a different point of view, much(prenominal) as that of Cowslip or Wo undwort, how would the reaction be different? They could be portrayed as the poor, misfortunate rabbit. It could miscellany the entire theme of the book. This is the case in the novel All Quiet On the Western Front, where the reader sympathizes towards the German troops during the first world war. If the story were to be written in the vision of Cowslip or Woundwort, would the reader view them as the protagonist because of their acceptance or leadership, and Hazel as the antagonist because of his attempt to be different and change the method?Work CitedAdams, Richard. Watership Down. Rex Collings, Ltd. New York, 1972.

The Many Meanings of Stephen Cranes The Bride Comes to Yellow Sky Essa

The Many Meanings of The Bride Comes to color SkyStephen genus Gruss The Bride Comes to chickenhearted Sky is a tale about a t give sheriff, Jack Potter, who is go home from a trip where he has married. Jack returns shamefully with his new wife of little worldly experience. The town of Yellow Sky knows Jack as the fearless Marshal who is never afraid to stare down the barrel of a gun. Jacks return to Yellow Sky happens to be at a time when the town drunk, Scratchy Wilson, is looking for a gunfight. However, the townspeople and Scratchy are disappointed to find him married, unarmed, and unwilling to fight. Before Jack arrived the townspeople were hoping for his arrival to self-possessed off the situation. As one bartender said, I wish Jack Potter was back from San Anton, he shot Wilson up once--in the leg--and he would sail in and pouffe out the kinks in this thing (215). This quote and Jacks shamefulness are what leads people into discussions of this story. Jack Pot ters marriage was kept secret from any of his friends and family, so his new wife was something chartless to anyone. For this and other reasons, Jack is afraid to return to Yellow Sky a married homo. As critic Eric Solomon once put it He is condemned in his own eyes for betraying two traditions he has tarnished the person of Marshal, a figure fearsome and independent, and he has tampered with the custom of partnership--he has not consulted his male friends (136). Marshal Jack Potter no longer feels the thrill of being Marshal Jack Potter because of his new engagement. Jack is afraid he will lose his reputation that the people of Yellow Sky revere him for. Stephen Crane sets the story well because he allows the reader to understand the tw... ...d to be seen as by the people of Yellow Sky was as an ordinary man. Instead of being a heroic figure comparable to John Wayne, Jack Potter is now comparable to the a kind of man one would categorize as ordinary. Cranes fabulous depiction of the rise and fall of small town marshal is one of beauty. Jack Potter is seen in Yellow Sky as a person that one dreams of being, a wild-west hero that one idolizes. Soon, Crane reduces Jack Potter to the same level of the reader, and maybe downstairs because he is now seen as a fallen hero. Works Cited Beer, Thomas. Stephen Crane A Study in American Letters. 1923. Reprint. New York Octagon Books, 1972, pg.248. Modern Fiction Studies, Stephen Crane Number V, No.3 (Autumn 1959) 195-291.Solomon, Eric. Stephen Crane in England A Portrait of the Artist. Columbus Ohio State University Press, 1964, pg.136.

Essay --

The Modernist movement period was change in the world that took place betwixt the end of the nineteenth century and end-to-end the twentieth century. Modernism is something that has happened and no longer represents the now or the contemporary of the world. Modern design is developed of all in all that came before it and through experimentation, innovation, and individualism, which forward rescript. Great leaders in the modernist movement were intellectuals, artists, philosophers and scientists. Modernist such as Kafka, Woolf and Toomer influence literature constantly reform reshape society with a variety of theme of their of personal purport and life during the 19th, 20th. In order to understand the modernist movement and the influence in society we have to digest Franz Kafka. Kafka modernist patterns and system were unique, disturbing, symbolic fictions in his works made him one of twentieth centurys influential writers. Kafka use of troubling, ironic, expressionistic in his novels often dealing with alienation pin down his central character in complex situations beyond their knowledge and control. Kafka novel The Metamorphosis starts with Gregor waking up into bug. As the story change Gregor appears to accept that he is a bug. Gregor never stops to question how such a transformation could understand why it occurs. Although the story presents the change as fact, one might point that it serves as a metaphor to illustrate why he was a bug. The Metamorphosis was not surprising when Kafka used metaphors to explain the story of Gregor, which were key to the accord Gregor family reaction when he became a bug. The metaphor Kafka tried to convey was alienation of life in Gregor, which led to void humane gratitude, cold affection, and f... ...s of new music patterns styles with forms of improves instruments and music language. Sound control is also important to understand how pitch, tempo and octaves to put together a song. Music no longer is limited to c oncerts and opera house houses it is available for everyone that enjoys music. In conclusion The Modernist movement was a period of change in the world that took place between the end of the nineteenth century and throughout the twentieth century. Modernism is something that has happened and no longer represents the now or the contemporary of the world. Modern design is developed of all that came before it and through experimentation, innovation, and, which forward as a society. Modernist such as Kafka, Woolf and Toomer influence literature constantly reform reshape society with a variety of theme of their of personal life and life during the 19th, 20th.

Where do Babies Come From? :: Sex Reproduction Essays

Where do Babies Come From?missing works citedEmily Martin argues that medical and scientific publications naturalize sexual activity roles by presenting facts that reflect socially constructed ideas about sexual practice. This misrepresentation is reflected in much of the information intended to educate children about the facts of lifespan. Each of the pieces included in our dustup reader manifest this distortion to some degree. Because individuals begin to formulate ideas about gender at a very early age, such indoctrination is particularly unassured when presented during a childs formative years. Feminists argue that Santa Claus, Sleeping Beauty and Snow White are also dangerous fictionalizations but depictions of stereotypical priapic/female roles presented to young people as serious, straightforward answers to important questions is far more sinister and the implications more dangerous to a society that values and espouses equality.many of the tired old gender clichs are used in all of the books in order to weave together an answer to one of lifes inevitable questions Where do babies come from? In attempting to answer this question, even the most well-intentioned parent is bound to instill false ideas about gender if he or she relies on most of the popular literature that attempts to broach this difficult topic. Females and their roles in the sexual process are almost always equal as passive mothers, caretakers, supporters of malesbeing acted uponwhereas men are the actors, initiators, adventurers, rescuers--in fact, the only ones really doing anything at all. The father goes on to say that in bed (an unnecessary assumption) a daddy puts his penis inside the womans vagina, the sperm comes out of the daddys penis and goes into the mommys vagina, and then the sperm meets the pelt and a baby starts (Brooks). This typical description is repeated in another work with the man lying so close to the woman that his penis place fit into her vagina so that one of his sperms can get to one of her eggs (Sheffield, 17). In a more euphemistic description a father red cent puts his opening against the mothers and sperm cells enter her and swim to the egg and later a shell forms around the egg (Zapun). Rather than initiated by the egg, this do is carried out by one of its parts or, one could argue, a completely distinct part. Another book, What To Expect When Mommys Having A itch states only that the daddy puts his sperm inside the mommy, giving absolutely no clue as to how this is physically accomplished.

Where do Babies Come From? :: Sex Reproduction Essays

Where do Babies Come From?missing works citedEmily Martin argues that medical and scientific publications naturalize sexuality roles by presenting facts that reflect socially constructed ideas about sex. This misrepresentation is reflected in much of the information intended to educate children about the facts of animateness. Each of the pieces included in our variant reader manifest this distortion to some degree. Because individuals begin to formulate ideas about gender at a very early age, such indoctrination is particularly equivocal when presented during a childs formative years. Feminists argue that Santa Claus, Sleeping Beauty and Snow White are also dangerous fictionalizations but depictions of stereotypical male person/female roles presented to young people as serious, straightforward answers to important questions is far more sinister and the implications more dangerous to a society that values and espouses equality. more of the tired old gender clichs are used in a ll of the books in order to weave together an answer to one of lifes inevitable questions Where do babies come from? In attempting to answer this question, even the most well-intentioned parent is bound to instill false ideas about gender if he or she relies on most of the popular literature that attempts to broach this difficult topic. Females and their roles in the sexual process are almost always correspond as passive mothers, caretakers, supporters of malesbeing acted uponwhereas men are the actors, initiators, adventurers, rescuers--in fact, the only ones really doing anything at all. The father goes on to say that in bed (an unnecessary assumption) a daddy puts his penis inside the womans vagina, the sperm comes out of the daddys penis and goes into the mommys vagina, and then the sperm meets the glob and a baby starts (Brooks). This typical description is repeated in another work with the man lying so close to the woman that his penis sens fit into her vagina so that one of his sperms can get to one of her eggs (Sheffield, 17). In a more euphemistic description a father gentlewoman puts his opening against the mothers and sperm cells enter her and swim to the egg and later a shell forms around the egg (Zapun). Rather than initiated by the egg, this action mechanism is carried out by one of its parts or, one could argue, a completely distinct part. Another book, What To Expect When Mommys Having A rape states only that the daddy puts his sperm inside the mommy, giving absolutely no clue as to how this is physically accomplished.

Creativity essay

Creativity is important to education beca implement some people father special batching skills and they learn about different kinds of art. These special people have a tremendous talent and it takes a lot of practice. Creative people needs to be curious about their art work, flexible, and independent. When others are drawing, they have to usage their time wisely. Creativity is about making mistakes and correcting them. Creativity is as important as other subjects. To be germinal, an individual needs subject friendship and how this knowledge can be utilise first.People think creativity can just be used for arts, drama, and music. But little do people know, it can be used for anything. Such as hair products, getting dressed, school subjects, etc. Using hair products or make-up, that person can think of ways to use his/her own creative imagination. Getting dressed are the impressions that you make like Should wear this today or tomorrow. And school subjects for creativity could be used for math, science, history, and English. All those subjects could be used for problem solving ability to think, and to learn social rules.In the TED talk of How Schools Kill Creativity by Ken Robinson, never in my life knew schools could kill creativity by the way they talk in the morning. In his speech, Ken Robinson claims that some students are born with huge talents. He talks about the future for students and what is going to happen in the next couple years. Students have responsibilities, learning capabilities, academic abilities, and possibilities of making something incredible. All students have tremendous talents and should do whatever makes them feel comfortable. Creativity can be emotional, stressful, and social.In art classes, students should be encouraged to go big, explore, and wander what they are going to draw. It takes patience and time to draw something incredible. No one would want to draw re anyy fast and the drawing to look sloppy. Drawing could be fun and i nteresting. Drama takes creativity to listen for communication, arrogant minds, positive vibes, and speaking in-front of crowds. This is learning a new skill everyday. Music is learning how to read notes, the melody, slow and fast rhythms, and the harmony. Being creative is putting all the instruments together to make a beautiful sound.Its also about working together and having a positive attitude. People enjoy the process of being creative and being in the zone or flow. Creativity is a special subject, culture, skills, learning, etc. Creativity is what puts our world with color. If we did not have creativity in this world, I think there would be nothing. Such as everything is this world would be black and white. Everyone would not have a special, happy, creative personality. Everything would just be blank. So since creativity is about making mistakes and correcting them, creativity is just as important to education and to our whole society.

Landfills Essay

In recent years, numerous groups, including federal agencies, earn offered advice on how Britons can be practised environmentalists. The broadcast and print media, consumers, legislators and even children are told what products and what actions are environmentally good and bad. The advice is based on little more than the simple-minded application of such core beliefs as recycling is good, disposal are bad, packaging is bad and plastics are bad. (Atkins, 2004) alert studies show that disposables are not necessarily work than reusable or recyclable products. For example Aseptic juice boxes (which are usually disposed of, preferably than recycled) have a clear edge over their alternatives by most measures. Consumers who care mainly about landfills may then choose cloth diapers. (Leeden, 1991) For two-thirds of the Britons landfills (those without liners), its the products which degrade that pose a potential environmental threat.Degradation can lead to leaching and chemicals reach t he water supply and cause a wellness threat to fish, wildlife and humans. The other one-third of landfills are completely sealed and allowed very little degradation. Most controlled wastes in Britain- that is household, commercial and individual wastes- are disposed of to landfill. In England and Wales, 80% of their municipal solid waste is disposed to landfill, about 14%is incinerated and the rest are recycled.All waste disposal activities at landfill in Britain sites have been tightly regulated since a licensing system was introduced. The purpose of the licensing system was to ensure that the waste is recovered or disposed of in ways which protect the environment and human wellness. Within the planning regime, the emphasis is on an engineering approach to landfill design and construction based on site-specific assessment, underpinned by quality management and good operational practices to achieve a high standard of implementation and environmental protection. (Leeden, 1991)In Brit ain, despite these controls, concern continues to be expressed about whether landfill sites might put a health risk for people living nearby. A number of scientific studies have investigated whether there are higher than usual levels of adverse health events, such as cancer, or congenital anomalies, in populations living near to sites but no clear picture has emerged. Many of these studies investigated old sites, uncontrolled toss out or sites where significant off-site migration of chemicals was detected, and the results can not be extrapolated to landfill sites in general.In August 1998 a study of the incidence of congenital anomalies near idle waste landfill sites in Europe (the EUROHAZCON study) was published in the Lancet (Dolk et al Lancet, Volume 352, pp 423-427 and a relevant commentary on page 417). This study investigated motherhood outcomes in women living within 7 kilometers of 21 hazardous waste landfill sites in five countries, including the UK. Overall, it found a n increased incidence of congenital anomaly in babies whose mothers lived close to a landfill site compared to those who lived further away. Leeden, 1991) In conclusion, we can not safely dispose of solid waste.Government regulation and new technology concede the safe disposal of solid waste-in landfills or by waste-to-energy incineration-without threat to human health or environment. Even without new improvements, the Environmental Protection Agency estimates that the heart and soul risk from all operating municipal solid waste landfills in Britain is one cancer death every 23 years.

Plato ethics Essay

Every person does not do what he believes as to be the best, but however, there is an open door for a person to act on an appetitive attitude that conflicts with rational attitudes what is good. Some conflicting attitudes atomic number 18 dependent to different objects. This external conflict does not necessarily require an internal division of psychology attitudes (Irwin, 1999). The psychological theory of Plato is a bit complicating than the canonic division that might be suggested by an individual.There ar various types of appetite attitudes which whitethorn be appealing for a person however, some may be unnecessary but lawful, while others unnecessary and uncontrollable. A part from these appetite attitudes, there are also five pure psychological constitutes. Theses are aristocratically constituted individual, democratically constituted individual, olgarchically constituted individual, timocraticalliy constituted individual, and lastly, tyramically constituted individual.In al l sense, the independent among the virtues is not simpler in anyway, since the unfair person in most case fails to wise, courageous and temperate. Lastly, in Platos view, the individual can be characterized by his lawless behaviors as enslaved to do what it wants, full of disorder, regret, as myopic and disgruntled, and as fearful.Therefore, for one to succeed in life, he must be composed and decide to do what he thinks is better to him. All that one should spit out to do is to ensure that justice is practice to in the manner acceptable to all.

Mozart vs. Beethoven

Arts and Culture 2 Mozart vs. van Beethoven Paper 3/21/12 Mozart vs. Beethoven In the eighteenth century, the position class made a voltaic pile more money. During the Classical Period, the middle class had a tremendous influence on medicinal drug. They cherished to hear concertos and symphonies. They wanted their children to learn great music and play instruments. The composers began writing music that was geared towards the middle class because they could make a better living if they enjoyed the music cosmos played. They wrote music that was easier for their students to understand and play.Serious music changed into comic operas, or popular folk tunes, and dance music. This was a good thing it shaped dance and music forever. Mozart and Beethoven were both master composers in the 18th century classical music era. Classical music emphasized the different moods of music throughout one song, as it fluctuated with the composers emotions. There is a large variety of rhythmic pattern s, that created the composers thoughts. Classical music has a lot more homophonic texture. The melodies were balanced, symmetrical, and a whole lot easier to remember.Beethoven and Mozart are the ii most great musicians of their time. Their sets are everlasting and will live on forever. Their styles are so unique and uplifting that they could never be matched. They were truly masterminds as they played in the same time period but their lives were tremendously different. There are some similarities and umteen differences between the two of them but one fact will always remain They are the central and most vital part of all music. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was one of the most important musical innovators we have ever seen in our lifetime.His style of music helped re-shape music, the way it was played, and the Classical period. Mozart was born in Salzburg, Austria in 1756. Mozart was a child prodigy, claiming most of his victory in his youth. At the age of six, Mozart could play the harpsichord and violin very well. At this time he was able to improvise fugues, write minuets, and read music perfectly. At the age of eight, he wrote a symphony and at eleven, he wrote an oratorio. Then, at the age of twelve he wrote a great opera. Mozarts come was Leopold Mozart, who happened to be a court musician.Both Mozart and Beethoven had help from their fathers in many different ways. Mozarts father helped him travel around as a young musician and he traveled many places and he seen many well-known people and aristocrats. Because of Mozarts early successes many challenges had become part of his life. He had very high expectations from the community and from his father. Unlike, Beethoven, Mozart was fuck up as a youth and because of this he refused to be treated as a servant. He completely relied on his fathers help and refused to motion with the archbishop.This would become a problem later when Mozart did not develop enough initiative. Because of that he could not make decisions on his own. Then at age 25, Mozart skint free from Salzburg and became a great freelance musician in Vienna. This is where Mozart found and started some of his success. Mozart earned his living giving lessons to people and holding concerts. Mozart later wrote his piece Don Giovanni and then The marriage of Figaro and these were great pieces for his time. Eventually, Mozarts popularity disapeared and his music was found to be very complicated and hard to follow.Mozarts music was very versatile and his masterpieces had been in many forms. His piano concertos were and til now are very important and very popular pieces. Mozart was also a master of the opera. As he wrote many popular operas in his time. During his last year, he was much more successful. He wrote an opera and a Requiem, which he never did finish. Mozarts great passion in his work can be herd and felt in various works and in his style. It is of the utmost perfection and can not be replicated. Mozart died in 1791 , in Vienna at the age of just 35.Ludwig Van Beethoven came in the later part of the Classical Period and helped bridge this period into the Romantic era. Beethoven is considered by many one of the greatest musicians to ever play and was a mere genius. His influence in music is still noticed and recognizes today and will continue to be herd, felt and recognized throughout time. Beethovens pieces being as dramatic and profound as they are will never be bemused as time goes on. Beethoven was born in Bonn, Germany in 1770. He was born into a family of musicians.Beethoven was not the child star that Mozart was but he did happen upon many things as a youth. Beethoven played for Mozart at age sixteen. Mozart express, Keep your eyes on him some day he will check the world something to talk about. When Beethoven was twenty-two he decided to leave Germany and go to Vienna, to study with Joseph Haydn. Beethoven had a very rough upbringing, because his father was an drenching and was a v ery abusive person. Many of Beethovens works are and were based on the horrendous experiences he had growing up.Beethoven had two brothers, they were both younger than him. Beethovens father died when he was young, which forced him to take care of his family. Beethoven was self-educated, very vain and a very self-absorbed man. He had very high expectations for himself and was often said to have a very rude and disastrous behavior. Beethoven refused to be a servant or treated like one and refused to be told what to do, claiming that he should be treated as an artist and that he deserved more respect than the average person. Beethoven was struck with what was his greatest downfall becoming deaf.This occurred in 1802 when doctors learned that he was becoming deaf and there was nothing that they could do to stop it. This impairment reshaped his music completely. This led the way to a very strive and exciting side of his pieces that no one ever seen. Beethovens music differs with Mozart s and is more intense and had a greater range of pitch and dynamics. Beethovens greatest pieces were his symphonies. And are still heard today as often as they were in his days. Beethoven was a very good innovator with his own variations to music.Compared to Mozart, Beethoven tried to flux contrasting movements by using musical continuity. Often times Beethovens music did not have a clear ending and was dragged out a post longer than expected to be. Beethoven died in 1827, in Vienna. Beethoven gave his first public appearance (playing piano) when he was eight and had his first piece of music promulgated by the time he was 12 years old. In conclusion, Mozart and Beethoven had a great influence in the change of music in the 18th century. They played, conducted, and composed music that came completely from their heart.They made people very happy and entertained people. They opened up a doorway to what we call musical expression. We would credibly still be in the Baroque era, if it w erent for these two genius music composers. Work Cited http//www. kidzworld. com/article/1292-wolfgang-amadeus-mozart-biographyixzz1prb4fYP0 http//www. ipl. org/div/michist/clas/mozart. html www. biography. com/people/wolfgang-mozart-9417115 www. lvbeethoven. com/Bio/BiographyLudwig. html www. biography. com/people/ludwig-van-beethoven-9204862 And The pic Amadeus

Life of Fidel Castro Essay

The Life of Fidel Castro Fidel Castro, is the well-known dictatorial leader of Cuba for nearly five decades. His leadership has been the counselling of international controversy. How is it that a homosexual of this privileged upbringing, became the leader of a socialist revolution in Cuba, brought the world to the brink of destruction, and ultimately became one of the most historied political leaders in the history of Latin America. He was born on a farm in Biran, Cuba near mayan on August 13, 1926.He received a Jesuit education while attending a boarding school in Havana by the name Colegio de Belen. When he sinless high school, he attended the University of Havana. In 1950 he graduated from the university with adegree in law. A man is not entirely the master of his own destiny. A man is also the child of circumstances, of difficulties, of struggle. Problems gradually sculpt him like a lathe sculpts a piece of metal. A man Is not born a revolutionary, Id venture to say. (Castro, and Ramonet 23)In 1952 Fidel Castro became a candidate for Congress for the Cuban Peoples Party. He was a superb public speaker and soon construct up a strong following amongst the young members of the party. The Cuban Peoples Party was expected to win the election but during the campaign. General Fulgencio Batista, with the agree of the armed forces, took control of the country. Castro came to the conclusion that revolution was the only way that the Cuban Peoples Party would gain power. In 1953, Castro, with an armed group of 123 manpower and women, attacked the Moncada Army Barracks.The plan to overthrow Batista ended in disaster and although only eight were killed in the fighting, another eighty were murdered by the army afterward they were captured. Castro was lucky that the lieutenant who arrested him ignored orders to have him executed and instead delivered him to the nearest civilian prison. In 1959 Cuba becomes the first Communist state in the western cerebral hemispher e after Fidel Castro, a 32-year-old lawyer, leads his rebels, known as the 26 July army, to victory on the streets of Havana, overthrowing the regime of US-backed dictator Fulgencio Batista.Castro appoints Ernesto Che Guevara to his government. Attempting to spread the revolution in South America, Guevara is captured in a firefight in the jungle with Bolivian government troops and executed two days later. He had disappeared from the Cuban political scene in 1965 amid growing rumors that he had becomedisillusioned by Castros drift towards less radical politics. During 1979 Cuba supports the Soviet Unions invasion of Afghanistan. Later, Cuba controversially sends military assistance to influence civil wars in Angola and Ethiopia.Anglo-Cuban relations almost reach breaking point after a Cuban diplomat fires a gun in a crowded capital of the United kingdom street in 1988. Havana claimed that its attack was being followed by CIA agents plotting to force him to defect. The Thatcher gover nment condemned the behavior of the Cuban diplomat and added that a man was wounded he was a member of the British security services and not the CIA. The US tightens its longstanding embargo on Cuba during 1992, extending restrictions on travel and trade with the Cuban republic Act.Fearing a collapse, Castro slowly begins to deregulate Cubas economy, moving to allow limited individual private enterprise A boat rescue of a Cuban child, Elian Gonzalez, sparks a diplomatic row with the US. The six-year-old boy was picked up off the Florida coast after he and his mother attempted to flee Cuba. After a lengthened court battle, he was sent back to Cuba to live with his father, despite a high-profile campaign by wealthy US-based Cubans for him to remain.On July 31, 2006, Castro delegated his duties as President of the Council of state, President of the Council of Ministers, source Secretary of the Cuban Communist Party and the post of commander in chief of the armed forces to his brothe r Raul Castro. This transfer of duties was described at the time as temporary while Fidel recovered from surgery he underwent due to an acute intestinal crisis with sustained bleeding. Fidel Castro was too ill to attend the nationwide celebration of the fiftieth anniversary of the Granma boat landing on December 2, 2006, which also became his belated 80th birthday celebrations.Castros non-appearance fueled reports that he had terminal pancreatic genus Cancer and was refusing treatment, but on December 17, 2006 Cuban officials stated that Castro had no terminal illness and would eventually return to his public duties. Castro, who has not appeared in public since undergoing go surgery, said he would not seek a new term as president or leader of Cubas armed forces. He has retired and wedded the power to his younger brother Raul. Fidel has outlasted seven U. S. presidents and five Soviet leaders. He has been in power longer than any world figure except King Hussein of Jordan. (Bourn e 305)

The Cost of Capital

THE COST OF CAPITALQ1. Place the creditors hierarchy in the correct order. (PD)Ordinary Sh arholders 1Unsecured Creditors 2Creditors with floating charges 3 mouthful Shargonholders 4Creditors with frosty charges 5(2 marks)Q2. Gecko Co. has just nonrecreational a dividend of $0.65/sh be the afoot(predicate) sh ar price in the securities industry in the stock merchandise is $3.6. Calculate the cost of candor? (FIB)3613156159500Ke %(2 marks)Q3. A sh atomic number 18 has a current market measure out of 86c, and the last dividend paid by the keep attach to was 7.23c. The expected annual growth come in of dividends is 7%. Calculate the cost of rectitude with child(p)? (FIB)4013205270500Ke %(2 marks)Q4. Reeve Co. is about to pay a dividend of $1 per ordinary share. The Net assets of the company are $500,000. The Earnings for the company is $180,000.The Current share price is $7 per share. Reeve Co. has in total 100,000 Ordinary shares. What is the cost of equity to the nearest whole percentage? (MCQ)27%30%33%35%(2 marks)Q5. Sago Co.s has 5 million shares in issue & their dividend payments in the years were as followsEnd of the year 20X7 20X8 20X9 20Y0 20X1Dividends ($000) 250 275 295 222 350The current share price of Sago Co is $2/share. Calculate the cost of equity? (MCQ)11%12.6%13%15.1%(2 marks)Q6. Amok Co. is about to pay a dividend of 20c per share. The share price is 300c. The rate of return is 16% & 25% of the simoleons is a dividend. Calculate the cost of equity? (FIB) 3917954508500Ke %(2 marks)Q7. Which of the following is/are the assumptions used by Dividend valuation model (DVM)? (MRQ) Income stream for the shareholders are the dividends paid by the companyDividends are constant or grow at a hardened rateThe model assumes there is no need to incorporate any chanceThe dividends paid by the company are till eternity (2 marks)Q8. Which of the following statements is a disadvantage for Dividend valuation model (DVM)? (MCQ)The model takes large( p) gains of shareholders into accountIt assumes huge cost is applicable to the issue of parvenu sharesNo allowance is made for the taxationThe growth in earnings is incorporated(2 marks)Q9. Shares in BLACK and WHITE have a of import of 0.75. The equity riskiness premium is 5% and the risk-free rate of return is 3%. What is the cost of equity capital for BLACK and WHITE? (FIB)4921256223000Ke %(2 marks)Q10. The current average market return beingness paid on risky investments is 14%, compared with 7% on Treasury bills. Halo Co cost of equity is 17.5%. What is the beta factor? (FIB)4921256350000Beta (2 marks)Q11. The Government securities return is 7%. The overall stock market return is 11%. The expected beta is 0.9. What would be the shares expected assess if it is expected to earn an annual dividend of 5.3c, with no capital growth? (FIB) 2006606096000Cents (2 marks)Q12. All companies given below operate in the same business industry. They all have same characteristics except for the fact that their capital structures are various, which are as followsLoco Co. Choco Co. Rocco Co.Debt from the total market 27 35 49Equity from the total market 73 65 51The equity beta of Rocco Co. is 1.32 the equity beta of Loco Co. is 0.74.What range will Choco Co. beta fall? (MCQ)The beta of Choco Co is high than 1.32The beta of Choco Co. is above 0.74The beta of Choco Co. is between 0.74 1.32The beta of Choco Co is dismay than 0.74(2 marks)Q13. investment fundss required return can be predicted using the Capital asset pricing model. The risk-free rate of return is 5%. Investment Beta entertain Return ValueAlpha 1.5 13%Beta 0.7 15.3%Mega 1 12%Zeta 1.2 12.2%If Zeta is correctly priced then select the appropriate option for each investment? (PD) Alpha UnderpricedBeta Correct PriceMega Overpriced(2 marks)Q14. foot Frees Co. makes biscuits and cookies and there are some factors in the market that the investors are unable to distinguish either they are a systematic or un-sy stematic risk to them. dish up the investors in choosing the appropriate Risk? (HA) The immediate increase in interest rates SYSTEMATIC UNSYSTEMATICPrice increments in Flour used by the company SYSTEMATIC UNSYSTEMATICThe downfall of the economy in which the company operates SYSTEMATIC UNSYSTEMATICIndustrial unrest in one of the factories SYSTEMATIC UNSYSTEMATIC (2 marks)Q15. Which of the following assumption is not related to Capital asset pricing model? (MCQ)Investors have a spread of investment in multiple companiesThere are no taxes applicableIt ignores earning a strength of the companyAll forecast made are for single period transaction(2 marks)Q16. The systematic risk of a portfolio relative to the market portfolio is measured using the beta factor. Which of the following statements is/are true? (MRQ)If Beta is greater than 1, the security is little sensitive to systematic risk than the marketIf Beta is lesser than 1, the security is less sensitive to systematic risk than the marketIf Beta equals 1, the securitys exposure to systematic risk matches the marketIf Beta equals 0 the security is risk-free(2 marks)Q17. Which of the following is an advantage of Capital asset pricing model? (MCQ)It provides a founding for establishing risk-adjusted give the sack rates for capital investment projects.Ignores taxation for the investorsIt is unable to distinguish between dividends & capital gainsIndividual companies have different systematic risk characteristics of their shares(2 marks)Q18. The cost of equity of a company is directly unaffected by which of the following? (MCQ)The expected market returnThe companys expected betaThe expected return on the companys assetThe government securities return (2 marks)Q19. 10% irredeemable preference shares having a share price-dividend of $7/share. The tax rate is 27%. Calculate the cost of preference shares if the par value is $0.6 correct to devil decimal places? (FIB) 4521207747000Kp %(2 marks)Q20. Tangerine Co. want s to invest in an Investment appraisal project. The company decided to invest using a bank lend. The company borrowed 7% $200,000 loan for the investment. What will be the cost of debt if the tax rate is 25%? (FIB)4521207175500Kd %(2 marks)Q21. 3G Co. has in issue 12% irredeemable loan notes, currently trading at $cv cum-interest.If the tax rate changes from 27% to 20% for 3G co. then the cost of debt would likely (MCQ) Decreases to 8.4%Decreases to 9.42% Increases to 9.42%Increases to 10.3%(2 marks)Q22. A company issued their 10% irredeemable loan notes at 150. The current market price is $75. The company is paying weed tax of 28%. What is the cost of loan notes? (FIB)4521206985000Kd %(2 marks)Q23. A company has in issue 8% redeemable debt with troika years to redemption at par. The current market value of the debt is $107.59. The flowerpot tax rate is 30%. What is the interest cost to the company? (MCQ)$8.6$32.3$8$5.6(2 marks)Q24. A company has in issue 5% redeemable loan no tes having a current market value of $103/bond. These bonds will be redeemed in three year beat at par value. Calculate the cost of debt if the tax rate is 29%? (MCQ)2%2.15%2.63%3% (2 marks)Q25. A 6% irredeemable preference shares are traded for $1.5 cumulative dividend. The tax rate is 30%. What is the cost of preference shares nearest to two decimal places? (FIB) 4521207810500Kp %(2 marks)Q26. A 3% 60,000 irredeemable preference shares are being traded for $0.5 ex. Dividend. What is the cost of preference shares? (FIB)4521206985000Kp %(2 marks)Q27. A company has irredeemable loan notes currently trading at $36 ex-interest. The coupon rate is 11% and the rate of corporation tax is 30%.What is the return required by the debt providers before tax is applicable? (MCQ)21.4%27.6%30.6%33%(2 marks)Q28. Sitcom Co. has a 5% redeemable loan notes which are redeemable at a 10% premium in 5 years time. The current market value is $100 per loan note. The tax rate is 25%. Calculate the cost of debt? (MCQ)2.7%3.53%4%5.62%(2 marks)Q29. A company has issued convertible loan notes which are due to be redeemed at a 5% snub in five years time. The coupon rate is 7% and the current MV is $85. Alternatively, the investor can choose to convert each loan note into 10 shares in five years time. The company pays tax at 30% per annum. The companys shares are currently worth $9 and their value is expected to grow at a rate of 4% pa. Find the post-tax cost of the convertible debt to the company? (FIB)4521207683500Kd %(2 marks)Q30. Cobol Co. has in issue 6% convertible bonds having a market value of $115. These bonds can redeem at a premium of 2% in two years time or can be converted to 25 ordinary shares in two years. The current share price $4 and its expected growth is 3% per annum. The corporation tax rate is 29%. Calculate the net present value if discount factor is 4%? (MCQ) $1.53$4.26$8.03$10(2 marks)Q31. Fichte Co. has in issue 12% convertible bonds having a market value of $97. These bonds can be converted into 40 ordinary shares in seven years time or can be redeemed at 12% premium in seven years time. The current share price is $3 with an annual growth rate of 4%.The tax rate per annum is 24%. Choose whether bonds should be converted or redeemed in seven years time? (MCQ)$108.64 Redemption $157.91 Conversion$108.64 Conversion$157.91 Redemption (2 marks)The following information is for Q32 & Q33Trico Co. has the capital structureCapital Structure $ m4 million $0.2 ordinary shares 0.810% irredeemable loan notes 13.58% Preference shares 10Reserves 15Total 39.3The loan notes are quoted and the ordinary shares are currently quoted at $50 and $4 respectively in the market. The cost of equity for Trico Co. is 11% and the current corporation tax is 30%. The preference shares are currently traded for $2.25 ex. Dividend.Q32. Calculate the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) for Trico Co. using the Book values? (MCQ) 8.45%10.37%11.13%11.27%(2 marks)Q33. Calcul ate market value weighted average cost of capital (WACC) for Trico Co.?9.24%9.97%10.79%12.38%(2 marks)Q34. Zeeman Co. has 5m $1 ordinary shares, the reserves are held at $10m and there are 15% irredeemable loan notes of $9m. The market value of ordinary shares is $5, and the loan notes are currently traded at $80. Zeeman Co. has just paid a dividend of $0.7 and its corporation tax is 26%. What is the cost of capital? (MCQ)13.98%14.23%16.76%17.89%(2 marks)THE COST OF CAPITAL (ANSWERS)Q1. Creditors (payables) hierarchyCreditors with fixed charges 1Creditors with floating charges 2Unsecured Creditors 3Preference Shareholders 4 Ordinary Shareholders 5Q2. 18.1%Ke = (0.65 3.6) 100 = 18.1%Q3. 16%Ke = (7.23 1 + 0.07 86) + 0.07 = 0.1599 0.1599 100 = 16%Q4. DGrowth = b re b = (1 11.8) = 0.44 re = (1.85) = 0.36g = (0.44 0.36) 100 = 15.84%Ke = 1(1+15.84%) (7 1) = 0.1931 + 15.84% = 0.351Ke = 0.351 100 = 35%Q5. Bg = (350 250) 1 (5-1) 1 100 = 8.8%D1 = (350 5000) (1 + 8.8%) = 0.076 Ke = (0.076 2) + 8.8% 100 = 12.6%Q6. 12%g = (0.75 0.16) 100 = 12%D1 = 0.2 (1 + 12%) = 0.224Ke = 0.224 (3 0.2) = 0.08 + 12% = 0.2 100 = 12%Q7. All statements below are assumption of DVM Income stream for the shareholders are the dividends paid by the companyDividends are constant or grow at a fixed rateThe dividends paid by the company are till eternity The model assumes there is no need to incorporate any risk. This is weakness not an assumption for Dividend growth model.Q8. CThe model does not take capital gains of shareholders into accountIt assumes no cost is applicable to the issue of new sharesNo allowance is made for the taxation (Disadvantage)The growth in earnings are ignoredQ9. 6.75%Ke = 3 + (5 0.75)Ke =6.75%Q10. 1.517.5% = 7 + (14 7) (beta)Beta =1.5Q11. 50cKe = 7 + (11 7) (0.9) = 10.6%Share price = 5.3c 10.6% = 50cQ12. CThe higher the debt, the riskier the company. The higher the equity, the safer the company.Loco Co. is safer as Debt lower & Rocco Co is risk ier as debt is higher which indicates that Choco Co falls between both betas as its debt is between both companies debt.Q13.Alpha OverpricedBeta UnderpricedMega Correct PriceIf Investment Zeta is correctly priced, the actual return via CAPM will be 12.2 = 5 + 1.2 (Rm 5)Rm = 12 Investment Alpha should provide a return of 5 + 1.5 (12 5) = 15.5Investment Beta should provide a return of 5 + 0.7 (12 5) = 9.9Investment Mega provides a return of 5 + 1 (12 5) = 12Investment Alpha does not provide a high return so is overpriced. Investment Beta provides too high return so is underpriced. Investment Mega provides the correct return so correct priced.Q14.The immediate increase in interest rates SYSTEMATIC Price increments in Flour used by the company UNSYSTEMATICThe downfall of the economy in which the company operates SYSTEMATIC Industrial unrest in one of the factories UNSYSTEMATICSystematic risk cannot be diversified by the investorUnsystematic risk can be diversified by the investorQ15 . CInvestors have a spread of investment in multiple companies (Well-diversified portfolio)There are no taxes applicable (Indication of being in a perfect capital market)It ignores earning a potential of the company (Disadvantage of DVM)All forecast made are for the single period transaction (Considers single transaction kinda than multiple transactions at once)Q16.If Beta is greater than 1, the security is less sensitive to systematic risk than the market (True)If Beta is lesser than 1, the security is less sensitive to systematic risk than the market (False, It is highly sensitive to systematic risk than the market)If Beta equals 1, the securitys exposure to systematic risk matches the market (True)If Beta equals 0 the security is risk-free (True)Q17. AIt provides a basis for establishing risk-adjusted discount rates for capital investment projects. (Advantage)Ignores taxation for the investors (Disadvantage)It is unable to distinguish between dividends capital gains (Disadvanta ge)Individual companies have different systematic risk characteristics of their shares (Disadvantage)Q18. CThe formula for required return is Ke = risk-free rate + beta (market rate risk-free rate)Q19. 0.86%D= 0.6 10% = 0.06Ex-Dividend = 7 0.06 = 6.94Kp = (0.06 6.94) 100 = 0.86%Q20. 5.25%Kd = 7% (1 25%) = 0.0525 100 = 5.25%Q21. DKd = (12% 100) (1 27%) (105 12) = 0.094 100 = 9.42%Kd = (12% 100) (1 20%) (105 12) = 0.103 100 = 10.3%Increases to 10.3%Q22. 9.6%Kd = (10% 100) ( 1 28%) 75 = 0.096 100 = 9.6%Q23. DInterest = (8% 100) (1 30%) = $5.6Q24. BYear Cash flow ($) DF (5%) sacrifice value ($) DF (10%) Present Value ($)MV/ baffle 0 (103) 1 (103) 1 (103)Interest 1-3 3.55 2.723 9.67 2.487 8.83Redemption 3 100 0.864 86.4 0.751 75.1NPV (6.93) (19.07)IRR = 5 + -6.93 (-6.93 (-19.07) (10 5) = 2.15%Q25. 4.17%D= 1 6% = 0.06Ex-Dividend = 1.5 0.06 = 1.44Kp = (0.06 1.44) 100 = 4.17%Q26. 6%D= 1 3% = 0.03Kp = (0.03 0.5) 100 = 6%Q27. CAs the question states before tax the calculation will beKd = (11% 100) 36 100 = 30.6%Q28. DYear Cash flow ($) DF (5%) Present value ($) DF (10%) Present Value ($)MV/Bond 0 (100) 1 (100) 1 (100)Interest 1-5 3.75 4.329 16.23 3.791 14.22Redemption 5 110 0.784 86.24 0.621 68.31NPV 2.47 (17.47)IRR = 5 + 2.47 (2.47 (-17.47) (10 5) = 5.62%Q29. 9.7%Year Cash flow ($) DF (5%) Present value ($) DF (10%) Present Value ($)MV/Bond 0 (85) 1 (85) 1 (85)Interest 1-5 4.9 4.329 21.21 3.791 15.58Convertible 5 109.5 0.784 85.85 0.621 68NPV 22.06 (1.42)Redemption= 85 95% = 80.75Convertible= 10 9 (104%)5 = 109.5IRR = 5 + 22.06 (22.06 (-1.42) (10 5) = 9.7%Q30. AYear Cash flow ($) DF (4%) Present value ($)MV/Bond 0 (115) 1 (115)Interest 1-2 4.26 1.886 8.03Redemption 2 117.3 0.925 108.5NPV 1.53Redemption= 115 102% = 117.3Convertible= 25 4 (103%)2 = 106.1Q31. BRedemption= $97 112% = $108.64Conversion= 40 3 (104%)7 = $157.91Q32. DKp= (8% 1) 2.25 100 = 3.56%Kd= (10% 100) (1 30%) 50 = 0.14 100 = 14% Book Value ($m) live ($m)Equity (15+0.8) 15.8 15.8 11% 1.738Preference shares 10 10 8% 0.8Debt (irredeemable) 13.5 13.5 14% 1.89Total 39.3 4.428WACC = (4.428 39.3) 100 = 11.27%Q33. CKp= (8% 1) 2.25 100 = 3.56%Kd= (10% 100) (1 30%) 50 = 0.14 100 = 14% market place Value ($m) Cost ($m)Equity 4m 4 =16 16 11% 1.76Preference shares 4m 2.25 = 9 9 8% 0.72Debt (irredeemable) (13.5 100) 50 = 6.75 6.75 14% 0.945Total 31.75 3.425WACC = (3.425 31.75) 100 = 10.79%Q34. AKe= ($0.7 $5) 100 = 14%Kd= (15% 100) (1 26%) 80 = 0.1387 100 = 13.87%Market Value ($m) Cost ($m)Equity 5m 5 =25 25 14% 3.5Debt (9 100) 80 = 7.2 7.2 13.87% 1Total 32.2 4.5WACC = (4.5 32.2) 100 = 13.98%

12 angry men paper Essay

The movie 12 Angry Men is roughly a murder trial set in the mid 1900s when the American legal carcass had very different rules from what it has now. The trial is intimately a 16 year old male child who purportedly murdered his father late virtuoso night in New York City. He was from a slum, with a history of problems with the law, including knife fights. The jury is made up of twelve white men who are supposed(a) to deliberate ab come give away the sons fate when he is Latino. In the beginning of the movie its very clear that el stool down of the twelve jurors mother already decided that he was guilty, the only atomic effect 53 who utter non guilty is juror number eight.Juror number eight believes that you cant s shutdown some unrivaled to die without even talking astir(predicate) the case firstborn. As the movie goes on they discuss the different parts of the case and hotshot by one the jurors begin to change their voter turnout to not guilty. The first thing they discuss is the knife that was employ to kill the father, then they discuss the succession it took the only military man on the floor below to get to the door after he hear the body hit the floor.After that they went on to deliberate more(prenominal) about previous things talked about, until in the long run they talked about the women who actually viewed the killing through a passing L train. One of the jurors remembers that she had indents on the places of her nose indicating that she wore glasses, so they come to the conclusion that she couldnt of seen anything since she wasnt have on her glasses while lying in bed. formerly they finally call for a last vote they come to the verdict of acquitting the boy. All twelve jurors finally agree on the decision of not guilty.Throughout the entire movie in that location are galore(postnominal) different dynamics at work among the 12 jurors. One of the main dynamics is that the boy is Hispanic during a time when racial discriminat ion was a natural part of society. You can clearly see that racism, and stereotyping play a huge part when even before they started deliberating eleven out of the twelve jurors voted guilty. There wasnt a doubt in their minds that he didnt do it, they based that solely off of the brain that the defendant was Hispanic. Having a all white jury for a trial with a Hispanic psyche as the defendant in the 1950s, without a doubt racism will play a major(ip) role in deciding weather or not he is guilty.An opposite dynamic at play during this movie is that they are all in a conclave together giving them assemblage mentality where they will be hesitating to spill out, or change their vote because they are egotism conscious of what other masses will think about them. Throughout the movie at that place where many another(prenominal) different things that influenced individual jurors and the jurors as a unanimous. In the movie 12 Angry Men there was an abundance of things that infl uenced individual jurors. One of the main things that influenced many of the jurors is racism because the defendant was Hispanic. One juror utter Hes an igno harangue kid from a slum who doesnt speak good incline.Thats flat out racism, theres no way around the occurrence that racism played a huge role in their decision making process. In the 1950s racism was part of everyday life, it was complaisantly accepted during that time. Another thing that influenced one of them was that he had baseball tickets to a game later that night so he was going to emplacement with what ever got him out of their quite than later. He was voting guilty all the way work on it became a split between the jurors on weather he was guilty or not.That shows that it touch on his decision making process, because he was going to side with what ever side got him out faster. Another thing that influenced individual jurors is their vexation to speak their minds, or side with the side they really think is th e right one. In the beginning you could tell that some of the masses were hesitant because they were afraid of what other peck would think of them, thats why they had to do a silent voting in order to keep deliberating. There were other factors that affected the base as a whole in their decision making process. Different things affect the group than the individual jurors. The main thing that affected their decision making process is the extreme heat, the heat would make them want to get out of there as fast as possible, making them side with whatever side will get them out faster.I know I cant work right when Im extremely hot, I get frustrated really fast and have no patients, I know I would want to get out as fast as possible. You can tell that it affects people because they give out at each other at the drop of a hat, and they were sweating the whole time till they turned on the light. Another thing that affected the group as whole was groupthink, which is the practice of me ntation or making decisions as a group in a way that discourages creativity or individual responsibility. They will make decisions as a group so no one somebody can be blamed for whatever happens, people dont like too more than responsibility. Lastly another thing that helped sway their decision making process as a group is the fact that one person was trying to pres real other people into speaking, and pressuring them into siding with him.The movie 12 Angry Men was about a trial during the 1950s in which a Hispanic boy supposedly killed his father, and twelve white men deliberate to determine his fate. They start out 11 to 1, and one by one they change sides till they eventually acquit him of all the charges. Things like racism, baseball tickets, and fear of what other people think are a few things that affected their individual decision-making. Things like groupthink, the heat, and the fact that you would run out of patients at a certain point, and you would start to snap at each other at the drop of the hat. In my opinion I think this movie was really good and a good look into the American legal system, because it shows the changes that have been made from them to now.12 Angry Men musical theme EssayIf theres a liable doubt in your minds as to the guilt of the accused, a reasonable doubt, then you must bring me a verdict of not guiltyhowever you decide, your verdict must be unanimous. The movie, The Twelve Angry Men, was a fascinating movie. Surprisingly, it was very inte stick arounding and engaging even though it was in black and white and made in 1950. This movie was a perfect expression of how individuals who meet in a goal orientated group fulfill roles, create averages, have term, feign power, and become loss leaders, and how a group decides on a unanimous outcome. Each of the twelve jury members effect a role at some point within the movie. They fulfilled toil roles, maintenance roles, and egocentric roles. They had to learn to work togethe r despite the roles they played to come to a unanimous decision. The Forman (Juror 1) fulfilled one group maintenance role (tension reliever) and two group task roles (procedural technician and initiator). As a tension reliever, the Forman told Cobb to brace down when Cobb started on his rant. He often tried to relieve tension in situations with conflict. As a procedural technician, Forman emphasized teamwork by asking the group to vote a couple of times in a couple different ways, vocal ballots and silent ballots. This helped the group stay on track. He to a fault ran errands for the group, like retrieving the knife and the apartment blueprint.As an initiator, the Forman initiated the discussions after the jurors would break in the beginning of the movie. Whimpy (juror 2) fulfilled a group maintenance role as a supporter. Once Whimpy changed his vote to not guilty, he support Fondas ideas. When Fonda was conversing with Cobb about the glasses, Whimpy supported Fondas point of view and told Cobb, You cant send someone off to die on say like that Lee J. Cobb (juror 3) played three individual roles (blocker, dominator, and confessor) and one group task role (opinion giver). Cobb played the role of the blocker most often. From the beginning to the end of the movie, he disagreed and ignored any of the jurors statements that are different from his opinion. At one point, Cobb shut down Whimpy who wanted to speak up. As a dominator, Cobb belligerently yelled at anyone who voted non guilty. He often started on a rant of his opinions and refused to let any of the other jurors speak. Cobb played the role as a confessor towards the beginning of the movie when he shared the picture of his son.As an opinion Giver, Cobb said all over and over that he was despotic the boy was guilty and deserved the death penalty. Herepeatedly stated through out the movie, he (the boy) has to present for what he did. E. G. marshal (juror 4) played a group task role. As an opinion giver, Marshall was stanch to his vote. His opinion towards the end of the movie was still not guilty because of the eyewitness testimony from the women across the street. He was firm in this belief until the eyeglasses fact was brought up. Jack Klugman (juror 5) fulfilled a group task role. As an elaborator, he often compared and contrasted the case to his own life on the street. Specifically, he brought valuable discipline to the case when talking about the proper way to use a switch knife and how this breeding compared to the fathers stab wound. The painter (juror 6) was an information seeker, a group task role. It seemed as if the painter was unsure of where he stood for the majority of the movie. At one point he said to Fonda, Supposin you talk us all out of this and, uh, the kid really did knife his father. He was seeking information that would make him sure of his decision. Jack Warden (juror 7) played a group-building and maintenance role (follower) and an individual role (Jok er).He wanted the jurors to separate out a conclusion as soon as possible. He had tickets to see a baseball game, and did not want to miss it. He followed and switched his vote to whatever the popular vote was, so that he could bring out as soon as possible to get to the baseball game. As a joker, he said nothing that contributed to making a decision. He mostly joked or complained that the process was taking too long. henry Fonda (juror 8) fulfilled many group task roles in this film including informational seeker, informational giver, and initiator. As an informational seeker, Fonda asked for important facts that could help prevail on _or_ upon the jurors that it was possible the boy was not guilty. For example, when the aged(a) man pointed out that the witness had dents on the sides of her nose, Fonda asked for an explanation and miniature on what the elderly man meant by pointing this out. As an informational giver, Fonda demonstrated this role when he reenacted how long it would take the crippled old man to get across his bedroom, down the hall to unlock the door, and to see the boy run down the stairs. As the initiator, Fonda proposed new ideas and suggestions that there was a possibility that the boy was not guilty. He was the first person to suggest that the boy was not guilty. He initiated most of the conversations that lead to their verdict of not guilty.The elderly man (juror 9) fulfilled a group task role and a group-building andmaintenance role. As an information giver, the elderly man was the one to notice that the witness had notches on the side of her nose where typically eyeglasses usually sit. He was the one to point this out to the group. As an encourager, the elderly man was the first to understand and accept the not guilty vote that Fonda made. He agreed with Fondas ideas and suggestions that there is reasonable doubt that the boy may not be guilty. Archie (juror 10) played an individual role of special-interest pleader. At the end of the film, Archie had a melt down. He yelled and offended many of the jurors with his unnecessary crude insults and racist remarks. He was trying to sway the group based on his own personal biased opinions instead of the facts of the case. The watchmaker (juror 11) fulfilled one group task role as a recorder. At one point in the movie, the watch maker stood up and told the group that he had been listening and taking notes of what the other group members have been saying. smooth-tongued (juror 12) played a group building and maintenance role as a follower. He did not speak up much about the case. When he did speak, it was about his ad agency. He thought very lastly of himself and his job. He changed his vote back and forth several times. Additionally to roles, there were many social averages that developed through out this movie.All of them were violated by at least one person at some point. Sometimes, the jurors who violated the norms were punished and other times they were not. The first social norm that was created was to vote guilty. Fonda was the first to violate this norm by voting not guilty. Eventually the rest of the group slowly changes their vote, and the group created a new norm of voting not guilty instead of guilty. Another social norm that was created by the legal system was that the jurors decision had to be unanimous. Fonda violated this norm by voting against the group. As punishment for violating the norm, the group verbally attacked him before they gave him a chance to beg off his reasoning. Because of this, a norm developed that it was okay for the jurors to harass and belittle Fonda for his not guilty vote. The elderly man violated this norm. He was subjected to harassment and belittlement as well as his punishment. After time went on, more people started to agree with Fondas ideas, and the group did not follow this norm any more. An additional social norm was to make a decision based on facts, not prejudice or stereotypes. Those who o beyed the norm, like Fonda and Marshall, were looked to as leaders. The juror that madearguments based on stereotypes, Archie, was eventually ignored. From this, a norm that no racial prejudices would be tolerated was created. Archie violated this norm when he said that he knew people of these kinds very well.As punishment, one by one group members left the table and turned their backs on him. In every group, there are members of high stance and of low perspective. In this movie, there was almost an equal balance of high posture jurors and low status jurors. The status of the jurors developed when they assumed a role within the group. The high status members included, the Foreman, Cobb, Marshall, Fonda, the Elderly Man, and Archie. The Foreman assumed a high status role because he organized where everyone would sit, passed out the ballots, and was able to rein the jurors back in to vote when needed. Cobb would be considered high status because he predominate a lot of the convers ations. He communicated more than other group members, and other jurors listened to him in the beginning of the movie. Marshall is a stockbroker and was viewed as high status because of his education. Fonda was definitely a high status member. Over the bleed of the movie, he convinced the other eleven jurors to change their vote by pointing out new ideas and suggestions. The elderly man proved his high status when he pointed out the information about the witness wearing eyeglasses.That swayed the rest of the jurors. The low status members included, Whimpy, Klugman, the painter, Warden, Archie, the watchmaker, and Slick. Whimpy tried to voice his opinion, but was rarely listened too. Klugman was viewed as low status because of his life on the streets. The painter, Warden, the watchmaker, and Slick were all considered low status, because they barely contributed to the groups decision. Archie is considered low status because of his racial insults. None of the jurors listened to him be cause they were all offended by his speech. In addition to status, power is also a big part of the movie. Every powerful individual was considered to be high status. Some people used their power for the good, others for the bad, and one person completely gave up his power.As the jurors begin their deliberation, the foreman was selected to be the leader of the group. He had legitimate power. He told the jurors that the vote has to be unanimous, that they have to sit in juror number order, and he tried to keep the group on task.After the foreman stopped using his power, Fonda and Cobb became more powerful. Fonda had an expert power. He suggested ideas and facts that the other jurors listened to. He influenced the group through their knowledge, thus an expert power. Cobb, however, had a compulsory power. Cobb thought he could he could punish the other jurors into thinking his way. He would punish the other jurors by manipulating and belittling them.Also, Klugman had expert power for a couple minutes in the movie. His street knowledge about the knife and how it was used gains him this power. Although he had an expert power, he was not viewed in the same regard as Fonda.Most of the low status member did not have any power at all. Whimpy, the painter, Warden, Archie, the watchmaker, and Slick lacked the status to gain power. However, they did play an important role in power, because in a way, they gave the power to the people who had it. In a way, leadership and power go hand in hand. In this movie, the powerful individuals had at least a few leadership characteristics. The foreman had a chance at leadership, but he gave it up. Cobb had some negative leadership qualities that were eventually rejected.Fonda was the most important leader in this movie. He took over as a leader after foreman stepped down. He attended to maintenance needs, he proposed reasonable information, and was passionate toward swaying the group not to condemn the boy to death. As a leader, Fond a listened to the low status people when they had information to give. For example, Klugman had information about the knife that might have been overlooked if Fonda was not respectful of him.In the end, the group did arrive at a high quality decision. Although the case in the courtroom seems quartz clear that the boy was guilty, there were some misleading facts that were given. The jurors unanimously voted not guilty however, they were not positive the boy was not guilty. There was not enough substantial evidence to prove if the boy did or did not stab his father.If the jury had voted guilty, the boy would have been condemned to death. This was a life or death decision, not just a guilty or not guilty. When the Fonda and some of the other jurors started to break down the evidence and the facts, they found the evidence to be misleading to the point were it might not be factual.Although the boy could have killed his father, there was reasonable doubt in the evidence to make the juror s believe the boy may be innocent. Even the possibility of condemning an innocent boy to death is horrifying. The group made the right high quality decision.

Banned Books Essay

Banned accommodates be neat more(prenominal) current in this daytime of time. People a good deal do not chthonianstand the contest of intensity of accounts or why a book is being proscribed. Ken Petrilli, the author of Banned Books Week Celebrating You (and Celebrating Your (and Your Teens ) independence to Read in the Young Adult Library Services summer of 2009, talks well-nigh how he understand, how the pargonnts tincture about rough books being banned. He also advised ways to make displays for banned books workweek. Petrilli is a teen help librarian, a musician, and serves on the YALSAs Intellectual liberty Committee.To Read or not to Read Understanding Book Censorship by Deborah Connelly, was published in the Community and jr. College Libraries in the year of 2009. In Connellys article, she wants mickle to know what book censorship means and how librarians subscribe with people who want to challenge books. In both articles each writer gives a description of w hy books argon banned. Petrillis article has less information but his credibility comes from his services as being a librarian and serving on the YALSAs Intellectual Freedom Committee.Connellys article has more information but nowhere in her article is her credibility. However, by analyzing both of the articles neither Petrilli nor Connellys articles ar scholarly. In the article Ken Petrillis Banned Books Week Celebrating You (and Your Teens ) Freedom to Read article is to be acquire by unripened with fry(p) and their parents, and other librarians. Young adults often wonder why their parents or other groups testament not allow them to read certain types of books. He state, As teen and young adult librarian we are on the frontline of intellectual granting immunity issues more than anyone else in our profession.(Petrilli 4) succession on the other hand parents do not agree with the materials and content that is in the book that their young adult reads. Where he states Parents concerned about what their children are reading. This, in and of itself, is not necessarily a bad affaire we want to see parents who are concerned (Petrilli 4) In Deborah Connellys article To Read or Not to Read Understanding Book Censorship, talks about how people should call for the right to read. Connelly states While history shows that there are those that try to suppress the right to read, there are also those that bear worked tirelessly to preserve it.(Connelly 84) In challenging and inhibition books many parents often ban so that their child cannot read a book with rudely contents it should be up to the parent to make that finis for their child or young adult to read a certain book. Not to ban the book from the whole community. Connelly states Many of these statements deal with parents being the ultimate role model and advocate in what they tonus is right for their child and how to empower their child to make decisions based on their values in regards to what they read .( ALA2008) (Connelly 86) When a book that is being Challenged aroundly parents or specific groups, the books are sometimes banned because they may break seen or heard that the challenged book may have a little sexual content, profane nomenclature, or unmorally things in its context. The parents or groups who challenged these books do not fully read the materials to get the full instinct. Connelly suggests reading the books forward a parent or group challenges the book because there are a couple of words that they do not agree with.Connelly states Many times those that consider banning a book do so without examining the work. (Jocelyn Chadwick 2000)(Connelly87) According to Petrilli in his article he sympathizes with the parents who have had some parent and groups who had some books banned. He understandably states that, I think it is important for us to remember not to overtly demonize most potential challengers. They are, after all, people just like us, and being concerned f or our childrens well-being is neer wrong. (Petrilli 4) Petrilli also wants to clog the Banned Books Week, by giving suggestions on how to display the library and to have discussions about banned books. He states What I do is important and the fighting for our collections and our teen patrons is a battle. (Petrilli 5) Petrilli feels that people who challenged books because they feel as if these books with the explicit details or pass on corrupt the minds of their young adults. He states This fear is often disguised as moral outrage. They want to believe that if their children dont read about it, their children wont know about it.And if they dont know about it, it wont happen. (Petrilli 4) Connelly believes that during the challenges of banning a book, a librarian has a big role to play. First the librarian has to face the issues of day to day of book challenges and to insure they know the policy. Connelly states, The librarian of today is smooth faced with controversial issues r egarding political sympathies and religious connation within books or any other materials are challenged, these policies will be on break through to refer to as a bases for the selection. (Connelly85) Connelly also believes that if the Office for Intellectual Freedom did not create a policy for the American Library Association there will be a few books that will not be banned today due to all the books that were banned years ago. People will be limited to what they can read. The freedom of reading would vanish. In her article she verbalize The Freedom to read contains seven propositions, each one as important as the other. She also states, To truly feel the warmness and thought placed behind these propositions, one must read them.(Connelly 84) She also suggests that the librarians should know what to do when a book comes up to be challenged. The librarian has to be professional and also opened mined as well when it comes to a parent or group challenging a book or materials. Alt hough librarians have a great deal of responsibility, Connelly states A librarian must keep in mind the some(prenominal)(prenominal)(a) patronage of their establishment and provide materials that are accessible to everyone. (Connelly 85) Connelly also lets her readers know that if he or she are going to challenge a book then he or she should also know the guidelines.A person just cannot go a say I want this book banned or Take this book off the shelf because it is inappropriate for my child or young adult to read. on that point is a process the challenger has to fill out forms, have names of those who assist. Then state the origin why the book or material is being challenged. Connelly also advised her readers that there aptitude be some legal issues in giving young adult sexually explicit materials. So the readers might want to check in their state to find out the laws about simply giving some that is not of age, sexual explicit materials.Connelly states An Oregon law was pas sed that criminalizes the dissemination of sexually explicit material to anyone under the age 13and ect. (Connelly 86) Petrilli casually, lets his readers know that even though there is a banned books week, that there are still going to be a deal of banned books challenges. And books will be banned. Petrilli states Never forget that potential challengers are out there and some are motivated by fervent religious or potential beliefs. (Petrilli 5) By Petrilli being employed as a young adult and teen service librarian he has hands on experience with having books or materials challenged.In the theme of the article Petrilli gives a brief description of what Banned Books week is. He says that, Banned Books Week is observed the last week of September each year and it has been observed every year since 1982. (Petrilli 4) Petrilli also lets the book challengers know that disturb opportunity and access should be the readers right. It should not be because the challenger is not pleased with it. In Petrillis article he states We provide equal access for anyone to whatever it is they are looking to read and that includes the teens we plant life with every day.(Ptetrilli 5) Petrilli also is persuading his readers to participate in Banned Books week as a librarian Petrilli wants his readers to support this event. To Pertilli it is imperative that parents, young adults, and groups so he or she can become more comfortable with their freedom to read or to learn and understand why some books and materials are being challenged and banned from the community. Connelly wants readers to know, that librarians are not against all books being challenged. She states, Librarians are not the only member of need to protect the Freedom to Read.(Connelly 86) She goes on and states Lastly, the most underused but most influential tool that librarians have in dealing with book controversy is their own voices. (Connelly 85) Connelly also wants the challengers to maybe rethink his or her inten t to challenge a book. She clearly states, All in all, censorship is based on fear and emotions. (Connelly87) Connelly also states Knowledge is the key to understanding. (Connelly87) In the article Connelly shared that there was a little stir-up about the book that was banned and removed from several libraries which was The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain.This book was said that was banned due to the content of the n used several times in the story. Connelly used this in her article for a perfect example of book banishment. She stated it is easy to see how this could upset people to the point of removing this book from schools. (Connelly 86) Connelly points out to the audience, that the assistant professor at Harvard University, Jocelyn Chadwick had studied Mark Twains work for years. She wanted to get a full understanding of his book.Since people was upset about the book because of the n word was so offended that it never appeared to them that the book was scene was written for the time frame that Mark Twain The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn was based on. It seems like Connelly agrees with Jocelyn Chadwick she quote, There are countless resources available to the community that provide information about censorship (pro or against), litigations, organizations, and other reclaimable materials that can assist people to make better informed decisions about questionable literature.(Connelly 87) In the devil articles that have been analyzed, through the types of claim, that Petrilli is proposing that it is to the challengers and non- challengers benefit to attend a Banned Books week at his or her closest library. Connelly suggests that before a person challenge a book read the book form beginning to end, to understand the book better to get the feeling of emotions when reading the book. Who knows the book might not be all that damaging.The rhetorical triangle of Petrillis article had the Emotional appeal. Connellys passage was that of more of an d pellucid appeal. The writing style for Petrillis article was unbiased and casual. Whereas for Connellys writing stlye was biased where she want people to understand what book banning really is. Neither Petrillis nor Connellys articles is scholarly. There was not abundant information in Petrillis article and there was no credibility in Connellys article.

Scratch Beginnings

The American Dream is but as real as ones imagination. The Scratch Beginnings by fling Shepard gives the reader an opportunity to walk in the shoes of a man working to turn rags-to-fancier-rags (p. xvi, Shepard). inwardly the book lies not only the journey of Adam Shepard, an ordinary man attempting to advance from being roofless(prenominal) to living financially stable, but too the stories of others, whom Shepard met along the way, taking various routes to reach similar goals. taking place in 2006, it is easy to connect each event, three years later, with todays economy. in all through the story we are reminded that ones character impacts his own achievements A person is only competent to approach such a goal if their heart, passion, and mind are set to their ambitions. One main motto told the reader that to achieve the American Dream one must never settle for anything less than what they expect from themselves. This saying was shown in many tasks described within the story just as Shepard was astir(predicate) to take the job at the carwash, which only paid the minimum, he took some initiative and made a final attempt to persuade Curtis into hiring him at Fast Company.Another example would be of Derrick, with hard work, dedication, and a little assistance he was able to succeed in buying a new home. Shepards story described the emotional impacts of each achievement and failure. He was not short in apprisal of each fiasco he encountered and with every let down handed to him, Shepard was still able to give ear on the bright side in each event. The experiences in Scratch Beginnings hint to the reader that the American Dream is not always about hard work but a positive strength is just as important.Some say the current economy is struggling but is it any different from seventy years ago when families immigrated to the United States in search for a better life? auditory sense stories of your ancestors how they came to America, their struggles, starting their families, and by living your life today would you not think your ancestors achieved the American Dream? over the past couple years statistics energize shown that the unemployment rate has increased and many Americans are losing their jobs however, statistics have also shown that technology is increasing and so are desires of Americans.Shepard repeatedly states that with success comes sacrifice he sacrificed his evening outs, sluttish time in order to earn extra money, and also his purchases to save for later in life. When obtain for clothes, I even thought about splurging for a couple extra pairs of pants and shirts, but the measure didnt seem right. (p. 74, Shepard) The economy needs to start thinking money savvy instead of splurging on items, settle for the necessities. Shepard said others have criticized his experiment however by briefly including the accounts of others (Marco, Derrick, BG, ect. , all with different backgrounds, and how they have advanced in society , gives his book credibility. The journey of Adam Shepard was in his eyes the achievement of the American Dream. He surpassed his goals by saving around $5300 while living in an apartment with monthly expenses. Everyone has their own comment of the American Dream and it is up to them to figure out what it is and how they will be able to achieve it. equivalent Adam Shepard said, We are only as strong as our weakest link. (p. 215, Shepard)

Sg Cowen

9-402-028 REV JANUARY 19, 2006 THOMAS DELONG VINEETA VIJAYARAGHAVAN SG Cowen natural Recruits We be who we recruit. SG Cowen professional arrest Rae, director of recruiting at SG Cowen, looked break by dint of the conference room window at the f in alling flakes and wondered how fast the atomic number 6 was accumulating. Most of the starchys buzzworders had come in from Connecti course or Westchester to tellicipate in the tiptop Satur twenty-four hours recruiting event, and he knew they were anxious to find home before the weather deteriorated and made travel dangerous. The interviews had finished at noon, and the vistas from various graduate trains had left for their flights right away.Now, the bankers were eating lunch, discussing interview results and making finiss. They were sitting in Giants Stadium, the banks largest conference room, and Rae had pay reach the tables up in a U-shape so that he could stand in the front and still communicate with all 30 bankers. H e posted placards with all the candidate names on the bulletin board and travel them around as they came up for discussion. The hiring meeting had moved chop-chop by means of a number of candidates. The decision recognisers had agreed on candidates who were household yeses and some other trig nos. Now was the tricky part in that location were four candidates still left.Each person had some wholesome keep ass among their interviewers solely had in any case raised some questions. To reach the ideal class size after cipher in expected yield, Rae valued to give out only ii untold invites. Investment Banking diligence in 2001 Consolidation in the investiture banking diligence was widespread, as major fasts bought small banks, bought retail brokers, and considered partnering with technical message banks. Mergers and acquisitions (M&A) and equities rested the postgraduateest-margin military control c oncernes but also very volatile, as deal volume and initial pu blic offering (IPO) issuances could wry up very quickly in a d poseturn.In a tidy sum market, doctor incomes more stable revenue stream was especially welcome. Integrated banking groups such as Citigroup or JP Morgan Chase were some prison terms able to win enthronization banking business away from the traditional bulge-bracket firms because of their ability to offer loans and other commercial banking capabilities. some(prenominal) strategists intendd the lending business was the ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Professor Thomas DeLong and Research Associate Vineeta Vijayaraghavan prep argond this case.HBS cases are veritable solely as the basis for class discussion. Cases are not intended to serve as endorsements, sources of main(a) data, or illustrations of effective or ineffective management. Copyright 2002 President and Fellows of Harvard College. To order copies or request consent to rep roduce materials, call 1-800-545-7685, write Harvard Business school epoch Publishing, Boston, MA 02163, or go to http//www. hbsp. harvard. edu.No part of this yield may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, used in a spreadsheet, or contagious in any form or by any meanselectronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwisewithout the permission of Harvard Business School. 402-028 SG Cowen reinvigorated Recruits wave of the future, while others tar jerk offed the custody business. The custody business, which involved holding and processing the purchase and selling of securities for investors, was a low-risk fee-based business that was considered mundane but offered regular opportunities for interaction and service to potential clients.Several investment funds banks reported declining profits, and some laid off staff to cut costs. The biggest expense on Wall graduate(prenominal)road was compensation costs, averaging 50% of revenue. 1 In the prosperous course o f studys on Wall alley in the late 1990s, some firms had salary and bonus costs upwards of 60%, since firms signed multiyear contracts promising fixed bonus gestateouts to keep talent and also signed separate profit-sharing agreements with individual business groups to prevent them from rotate out on their own.Investment banks were also under increased scrutiny from regulators and the public, who were concerned virtually conflict of interest. more new lawfulness issues, especially in technology, had been supported by research analysts, particularly at the firms that had execute the IPOs. This loyalty to the banking clients came at the expense of the investors who followed analyst recommendations and bought stock in companies that often continued to decline. Firms were now growth better guidelines for keeping research teams independent from bankers and their clients.Investment banks fought for talent with firms in venture capital, private equity, hedge funds, consulting, and, for the brook few years, tech companies. Banks were reas currentd to natter students return to the fold, as they exhibited a great deal more interest in established brand-name companies for secure jobs. However, the interest level had g unrivaled from one extreme to the other. W present banks had once feared they were only visual perception second-tier candidates, now they had recruiting yields frequently higher than expected and struggled with how to handle all the new recruits as business slowed down.SG Cowen SG Cowen was born(p) when Societe Generale purchased Cowen and Company in July 1998. Societe Generale was an international bank based in France, founded in 1864, nationalized in 1945, and privatized in 1987. By 2000, it was one of the worlds largest banks, with assets of over $430 billion as of December 2000. Like legion(predicate) European banks, it wanted a foothold in investment banking in the United States. Many of these banks had tried to hold a beach direct in the U. S. but had not succeeded.Societe Generale had flirted with buying one of the CHARM banks for the past(a) fin years and decided Cowen was the best match culturally. 2 By 2000, Societe Generales $600 trillion purchase of Cowen had started to pay off SG Cowen went from an operating loss of $75 million in 1999 to an operating profit of $34 million the quest year. Cowen began business as a bond brokerage house in 1918 and grew into a firm known for top-tier research and strong equity sales and trading capabilities. It was now also focused on building up its investment banking and M&A advisory services.The new entity SG Cowen, numbering 1,500 professionals, planned to remain a boutique-sized firm but had access to the parent firms balance sheet. SG Cowens investment bankers focused on emerging growth companies in two volatile but highly lucrative areas, health care and technology. This focused approach to banking depended on deep knowledge collected through its equity researc h team, highly regarded for its coverage of both 1 The Economist, magisterial 4, 2001. 2 CHARM banks was the Wall highway nickname for this set of boutique banks Cowen, Hambrecht & Quist, Alex Brown,Robertson Stephens, and Montgomery Securities. 2 SG Cowen New Recruits 402-028 health care and technology. Kim Fennebresque, president and chief operating viewr of SG Cowen, often described research as the edge of a wedge that created inroads with new clients. The firm had strong roots in Boston but had now opened several(prenominal) other offices, as faraway apart as San Francisco, Dallas, and London. This raised concerns about making sure employees in smaller offices were not single out and also that they had full knowledge of and access to the resources of the global firm.As the firm grew, thither were concerns that groups should specify sure there were frequent interactions and that pack should know about one anothers deals and proposals and make sure they interrelated their client activity. Fennebresque believed that SG Cowen should continue to grow geographically but stay industry focused We will, under all circumstances, remain an emerging growth investment bank. Our geographical reach will extend to Europe, Asia, and other separate of the world, but we will not stray from that focused sectoral agenda.We have in our midst, and will continue to attract, the highest-quality professionals who believe in that business model. The Hiring Process Like nigh firms on Wall Street, SG Cowen made hiring decisions in the beforehand(predicate) winter and spring of each year to fill a new class of associates who would begin that summer. Some associates had previously been employed by SG Cowen as analysts and were promoted to first off-year associate at the end of their third year with the firm without going to business school. Other associates started out as interns in the summer between their first and second year of business school and subsequently were off ered full-time employment at the end of their internship commencing the following summer. The hiring process for new outside associate hires began in the fall, when SG Cowen would make company creations at its core business schools, where it participated in the on-campus recruiting computer programmes. These schools were NYU, Chicago, Columbia, Cornell, Emory, USC, Washington University, Notre Dame, and Berkeley.SG Cowen would also comport resumes from students at noncore schools, where it was not participating in the on-campus program. Often SG Cowen professionals would transfer informational interviews with students in the office in advance of official first-round interviews. These interviews, which were not part of the formal process, were a hazard for SG Cowen to gauge how serious and enthusiastic the candidates were and a chance for candidates to learn more about the firm and the industry before the interview in which they would be actually evaluated.Rae delegate team capt ains to any school at which SG Cowen recruited on campus so that students had a constant and familiar point of contact. Ideally, these team captains were banking professionals and not human resource professionals, and as often as possible, Rae would try to match up alumni with their own school. Gregg Schoenberg was team captain at the Johnson School of Business at Cornell, the school that currently provided SG Cowens highest recruiting yield. Schoenberg had joined the firm in August 1998 and now worked in the Equity Capital Markets Group.He became actively involved in recruiting at Cornell upon joining for two causations. First was that he believed SG Cowen would benefit from the high quality of candidates at Cornell. Second was that he wanted to make it easier for Cornell grads to obtain investment banking positions on Wall Street. Schoenberg averred In the bull market years, the Goldmans of the world would back up the recruiting truck to places akin Harvard and invite slews of students to climb aboard.It was tougher for us because 3 Analysts were recruited from Babson, Colby, Columbia, Geor overreachown, Harvard, New York University, University of Pennsylvania, Tulane, Vanderbilt, mammy Institute of engineering, and Yale. 3 402-028 SG Cowen New Recruits we didnt have the alumni base in New York. We came down here on our own nickel and really pounded the pavement. But you can turn a negative into a positive. Because Cornell students who do want to do banking have to show more initiative and be more focused, generally this makes them great hires.When Schoenberg had been hired, Cornell was not a core school, and Schoenberg described SG Cowen at the time as so-so open(a) to great deal from noncore schools, largely because the lack of an on-campus round made for disproportionate hassles to pin bankers down to do interviews and set up individual interview times in the middle of a regular workday. Coming from a nontraditional background in politics, Schoenbe rg felt SG Cowens interest in him really gained momentum once they knew he had been called back for second rounds at Lazard Freres.When Schoenberg recruited for SG Cowen, he state he always told candidates, It doesnt social occasion what you did before, what matters is that you have demonstrated a pattern of supremacy. But he also state candidates had to be realistic about their fit, as he himself was. I couldnt outmodel a former Morgan Stanley analyst, he said. He moved to Equity Capital Markets from M&A within his first few months because it played to my interests in the markets and my personality. concourse need to be fast learners, he said, because Wall Street doesnt have the patience to endure someone to develop slowly. Raes Strategy Schoenbergs advocacy for making Cornell a core school converged perfectly with Raes new strategy for choosing core business schools. We used to go to the top 10, Rae said, but at some of the top schools we were getting good deal in the mid dle of the class. Paying more attending to the next 15 schools in the top 25 was Raes new strategy. Rae, who graduated from Amos Tuck School of Business at Dartmouth, had originally been a banker himself at JP Morgan before moving into recruiting positions there and at Merrill, smith Barney, and then SG Cowen.His previous employers were giants on the top 10 campuses, with huge recruiting budgets, recognized brand names, and, most importantly, much larger hiring needs, which meant that they received immediate student interest. At schools such as Emory and USC, SG Cowen could be a relatively bigger player and attract more attention from the best students. There was resistance initially from elder management, as this was viewed as going downstream. But Rae said, Senior private instructors eventually saw the wisdom. We were hiring at the top of the class, and these students also tended to be more loyal.We were not missing much by not going to the top schools. At each of the core s chools, Rae scheduled a company presentation in advance of the interview dates. At the presentation, Rae guided the team captains to make sure they answered four questions quickly who are we, what do we do, what distinguishes us from competitors, and what are the next steps. SG Cowen promoted the advantages of a boutique firm, arguing that there was less bureaucracy than at larger banks, that tribe could move much faster in their careers than at other banks, where they would be hired and promoted lockstep as part of a large class.Team captains communicationed about the advantages of small deal teams, which allowed for more exposure to clients, more responsibilities, and more entrepreneurship. Rae advance team captains to make a very short formal presentation and then allow a substantial tot up of time to informally talk and answer questions. At schools like NYU, SG Cowen would be stand for by an MD, who made the presentation, and then perhaps 20 alumni who could then have fairl y substantial interaction with the expected 100 students who would show up.Some team captains like Schoenberg would tell students they could call him or come and see him (at their own expense) for informational interviews. This would help self-select students who really wanted to be prepared for first-round interviews by knowing more about the firm and also establishing a 4 SG Cowen New Recruits 402-028 relationship with him. However, he admitted there was a picturesque line between helping students who were self-starters and giving them unfair advantage in the process. Some team captains clothe in a lot of time and effort, while some put in less.SG Cowen did not flat compensate or reward bankers for being involved in recruiting activities, but recruiting was included on the process reviews leading to year-end bonuses. On-Campus Round At every core school, SG Cowen had two or three schedules comprising at least one open one, whereby students signed up based on interest, and the rest disagreeable, whereby SG Cowen selected among previously submitted resumes. Rae said, In the past, Ive found as umpteen good battalion on the open as the closed list. In the first rounds, interviewers tried to focus on which of these candidates could make it through passing Saturday.Schoenberg said, When I go up to interview, Im tough on candidates because I dont want to embarrass myself later on by endorsing weak candidates. Interviewers knew they would be held liable for the quality of candidates they brought back for Super Saturday, and their own reputation was diminished if they wasted the time of senior(a) bankers at the firm interviewing candidates at Super Saturday who were all the way not appropriate. At the same time, Schoenberg said, When I see community who are prepared and have the eagerness, I fight very sound for them. While some bankers were especially tough, others were especially easy and wanted to be generous in their assessments of all the candidat es. Rae said, This is where you see the beauty of writing comments down. At the end of a day of first-round interviews, the two or three population who had been interviewing would discuss whom they had seen. Rae tried to make detailed notes on resumes or on the evaluation sheets he had created, and he encouraged the bankers to do the same so they could recollect peculiar(prenominal) details about each candidate (see Exhibit 1 for a sample of Raes notes from past interviews).Most often there were two schedules, which would amount to 24 candidates. They would then try to narrow the list to sise candidates and quickly have a second round, even that same night, on campus in order to cut half and invite the other half to Super Saturday. Rae said the firm usually wanted associates or senior associates to conduct first-round interviews Were not aggressive about sending our most senior people out we want to downstream the identification of talent and upstream the responsibility of closi ng on offers to senior people. Rae felt that often the senior-most people were removed from day-to-day concerns and tended not to be as demanding about the grassroots adroitnesss an associate needed, whereas those just a few years ahead of a firstyear associate would be much more rigorous about assessing skills. He made sure senior bankers would be at Super Saturday, however, to judge whether potential associates also had the makings of a good long-term banker. In Raes view, long-term supremacy did not come from building models, it came from loving the work, loving to teach and sell, and loving the hunt.The successful bankers had to feel the excitation of serving clients and the excitement of competing at the highest level. In this first round, he also instructed interviewers to test for polish fit. This could be as simple as asking someone whose work and education experience was entirely in the Midwest, Are you comfortable living and working in New York? Rae said, Sometimes t hey top executive be a diamond in the rough and they can make the transition, but cultural fit is important. Other bankers at SG Cowen agreed. bingle banker, Ryan Daws, pointed out, Its mportant having Chip in the process because there are only so some(prenominal) personality types in the world, and hes seen a lot more than we have. Daws said, HR at every bank has to earn credibility with bankers, but when you have someone like Chip who used to be a banker, it makes it easier. He also said, Certain types 5 402-028 SG Cowen New Recruits fail to succeed once they get here, which colors the interviewing process. For Daws, alarm signals went off when people did not dress appropriately, or when they asked questions like, Are the hours really as bad as they say? He acknowledged there was some ego involved on the interviewing side. No ones ever as good as I persuasion I was, he joked. Super Saturday Super Saturday in fact began on Friday afternoon, when candidates arrived from thei r various schools and convened with many of the interviewers for dinner and cocktails in the wine cellar of an elegant midtown restaurant. Fennebresque spoke at dinner, and, because he was a great speaker and because it was high-minded to get the attention of a CEO during recruiting, candidates were usually visibly impressed.On Saturday morning, interviews began at nine, and each interviewer and each candidate had five half-hour sessions with short breaks. Rae tried to keep these interviews moving and spent a lot of time gently tapping and then firmly knocking on bankers doors when they lost track of time. Super Saturday was exhausting for the interviewers as well as the interviewees, and Rae wanted to make sure the bankers saved some energy for the collective decision making. Thirty candidates had attended, which meant Rae had commandeered 30 bankers to come to Super Saturday.Rae said, Theyre giving up a Saturday, and they want to get out of here as fast as they can. But they get to make the decisions, and that brings them in here every year. Rae estimated from previous years that he should make 20 offers if his target was 15 acceptances. There were already eight hires from the summer associate program, and seven third-year analysts were being promoted, so this would achieve his objective of a full associate class of 30. Successful candidates received offers to join investment banking.Those who accepted returned for an orientation in April to meet with the banking groups that interested them most. By the time the training program started, each new associate was appoint to a group. The hiring meeting started as the bankers ate their lunch. The bankers usually felt very confident that they could whip through the list of candidates quickly, as they often assumed that others would have shared their view on the interviews they conducted. Bankers were always strike at these meetings to find out how strong the disagreement could be. unrivaled managing director m ight be turned off by a candidate for being as well salesy, I thought he was trying to lead by the nose me, and that same candidate could have appealed to another director for having great attitude, eager to contribute. Rae had to view out how to let everyone weigh in and then build consensus around a decision. Building a Culture through Hiring Rae said, I try to get people to act and behave like a firm. He wanted to make sure bankers were not overly partial to candidates from their own alma maters and also that bankers did not hire people who would only succeed in their own group.At the same time he wanted to make sure that bankers did not relax standards and hire a candidate whom they thought of as good enough for the firm but not good enough for my group. Sometimes he would try to push a banker to a conclusion by saying, If you could only take one new associate to the CEOs office with you, which one would it be? Or at the other extreme, If I cant place her, shes going to be yours, how do you feel about that? 6 SG Cowen New Recruits 402-028 One HR manager at SG Cowen commentedPeople on Wall Street are too hard on people who took some time to figure out what they want to do. But look at Kim Fennebresque, our CEO. He started out as a lawyer, and hes been incredibly successful in banking. But when people are hiring, they dont think of that. Personally, I think anyone who tells you in an interview that they wanted to be an investment banker since age 12 has led an incredibly dull life. Fennebresque said, We want to make sure people who are attracted to a place like this understand what this is. We want to ferret out people who dear technology, who love emerging growth. Making the firm more visible to both potential clients and potential employees was one reason Fennebresque agreed to frequent appearances on CNBC and business segments on other news shows. So many people come to Wall Street for the wrong reasons, he said. Theyre blind by dough and dazzled by stature. People should figure out what they like to do, it matters even more than what theyre good at. I was perfectly good at law, but I sat in that law library at night and I thought the librarian was the Marquis de Sade torturing me.If you dont like what youre doing, even if youre good at it, eventually you and God are going to figure it out. Fennebresque spoke fondly of having started out in banking at First Boston in the 1980s during the firms heyday and in close view of the rise of Joe Perella and Bruce Wasserstein. Fennebresque said, I used to believe culture was an overrated Harvard buzzword, but First Boston made him realize how much culture mattered. We were young punks trying to jostle in on the big boys, and it worked, he said proudly. He was trying to bring some of that heartiness to SG Cowen.Because the investment bankers had all been hired from different firms to build SG Cowens banking platform, Fennebresque often used the metaphor of Ellis Island to weight-li ft his bankers to come together and create a unified new culture. He also wanted to make sure they felt they had the support they needed to get their work done, and Fennebresque tried to give bankers as much autonomy and decisionmaking power as possible. Fennebresques involvement in recruiting events and his visibility with new and young employees caulescent from this desire to provide support. The most important clients are inside, not outside. I really believe that, he said.Hiring Criteria Rae tried to formalize the criteria by using grid sheets for the bankers to fill out and having them vote and make a case on behalf of their candidate. There were definitely bankers who resisted any kind of science in this process. visiting card Buchanan, HBS 86, was head of Equity Capital Markets and had also come to SG Cowen from First Boston, like Fennebresque. The type of person who does well here doesnt want to be told what to do. He or she is far less regimented. This is not the Navy. We want the self-starter. Buchanan said he did put a lot of stock in resumes It makes a big difference if they have been an entrepreneur. Most important, though, he hired for fit. He was even known to change the structure for fit, in that he had created jobs for people he thought SG Cowen should hire. As Buchanan put it, We can stretch for personality, and we can stretch for sparkle. in particular in ECM, Buchanan said, The human element, especially our creativity and energy, is why a company chooses us as monetary advisor in the first place, especially on commoditized products. Were very hands on and high touch. Were not the volume leader, but we are a service leader. 7 402-028 SG Cowen New Recruits Candidates for HiringThe bankers assembled had assigned almost all the magnetic placards representing the applicants into decision groups. They had two spots remaining and four people in the maybe category from whom to choose. 4 Natalya Godlewska Natalya Godlewska was an MBA student at Cornell and had earned an undergraduate degree in pay at an eastern European university. As an undergraduate, she had been the student with the highest grade point average (GPA) in the finance department, and she went on to serve as a graduate teaching assistant in the finance program at Cornells business school.She was originally from Poland and had moved to the U. S. at the age of 22. She spoke fluent Russian, Polish, and German and some French. Prior to business school, she had worked for four years for CommScan, a company that developed M&A modeling software used by many major Wall Street firms. She had gone to the SG Cowen presentation at Cornell, called the bankers she had met to have informational interviews, and then had been one of the top candidates from Cornell sent on to Super Saturday.At Super Saturday, her interviews had mostly gone well, although there was some hesitation from two interviewers. Everyone was uniformly impressed with her finance background, her anal ytical knowledge, and her misgiving of the financial markets. When one of the bankers had telephoned her references, her previous supervisor had responded positively about Godlewskas skills and also commented, This is the person I would want to bring to a tough negotiation. She seemed very determined, ambitious, and ready to work hard.But one associate and one managing director each expressed strong reservations for different reasons. The associate felt that Godlewska might not be a good culture fit with the other associates and that she had seemed stiff and uncomfortable during small talk at the opening of the interview and also at dinner the night before. The managing director felt that some bankers might lose patience with Godlewskas less-thanperfect English and that this would affect her ability to work smoothly with her managers. Other people on her interview schedule spoke up in her defense.Associates should be made to deal with people with different backgrounds, and it was all too easy to use culture as an excuse. One banker said he thought Godlewska would be a hit with clients because she was a go-getter and radiated positive energy and a dynamical attitude. He said that though it might be an issue with impatient bankers on her team, her language skill would definitely not be an issue with clients because most of our clients think Wall Street types speak too fast anyway. Martin Street Martin Street was a second-year Wharton MBA who had previously served four years in the military.He had no business experience, but he had substantial leadership experience, most notably having led a save operation in war-torn Bosnia. He was president of his section at Wharton and also of the Running Club, having sinless two marathons and one triathlon in the past year. All of his interviewers agreed that he came across as a dynamic personality and that he was confident and articulate. SG Cowen came to Wharton toward the middle of the recruiting period, so as one b anker said, People both really want SG Cowen, or they didnt get offers from other firms. Street had told them he was taking several finance courses, but SG Cowen was not allowed to ask him about his grades because that was forbidden under Wharton recruiting rules. Cowen had difficulty scheduling Street for Super Saturday because he was always involved in recruiting events at other firms. He had said that he liked smaller firms and liked SG Cowens areas of specialization, but they still were 4 Note These candidates are composites of many candidates and are not meant to describe any actual candidate. 8 SG Cowen New Recruits 402-028 nsure what the likelihood was that Street would accept the offer if it was extended. They were also wary of whether he would play firms against one another in terms of scatty additional time to interview and consider offers, which might prevent SG Cowen from being able to fill that one-armed bandit with another top-choice candidate. One professional in r ecruiting said, If a person doesnt sign and accept the offer letter right away, weve made a mistake. Ken Goldstein Ken Goldstein was a second-year MBA at Berkeley who had previously worked at PricewaterhouseCoopers for five years.He had quickly risen to be a manager at PWC, managing multiple inspect teams simultaneously, drawing up budgets and pricing for projects, making presentations to win business, and resolving technical accounting issues for clients. When SG Cowen called his reference at PWC, he confirmed, Kens performance appraisals put him in the top 5% of the firm. Everyone who had interviewed Goldstein liked him and thought he would represent SG Cowen well. In fact, when Rae looked over the written comments on all the evaluation forms, they were uniformly positive.Why hadnt Goldstein been an immediate yes, why was he one of the maybes that warranted this discussion? One banker said, I can tell you what everyones afraid to say. Ken is married and has two sons, a newborn and a two-year-old. Whatever he did at PWC, we cant tell at this stage of his life whether he really will be willing to work 24/7 like the rest of the associates. One of the senior associates said, Its hard on the other first years if we make allowances for Ken to pick up his kids at day care or not work on a weekend when his wifes away.None of the first years expect to have a life, so what happens when they see Ken having a life? Some interviewers said Goldstein had openly talked about his intention to be able to balance a family with being a banker. One of his interviewers said, I commend him for trying, but I break promises to my kids all the time, to take them to the first day of school, to get home for a game. Another banker said, Its weird to say this, because we always say were flavour for maturity, but I almost think Kens too mature. If he were on my team, I wonder if he would do what I tell him to do, or if hell dislike taking orders.Hes used to having a lot of responsi bility and being in charge. Andy Sanchez Andy Sanchez was a second-year MBA at the University of southern California and had completed his undergraduate degree in economics at UCLA. Sanchez had found early success as an entrepreneur, having started his own business during his first year of college, a Kaplanstyle tutoring business to prepare students in Los Angeles for high school achievement tests and the SATs in both English and Spanish. After college, he ran the business full time for three years and then continued to run it while he enrolled in business school.Last year, his business had served 4,000 students at an average price of $500 per course, resulting in $2 million in revenue and change $400,000 in profits divided between himself and an equity provider. Sanchezs interviewers all found him enthusiastic and personable. He had talked to a lot of people at SG Cowen and had stopped into the New York office to have informational interviews or talk to other associates on sever al occasions when he was in the city for other meetings. He always sent follow-up e-mails and notes to everyone he spoke to, was friendly to the other candidates at Super Saturday, and was great at making people relax.He was well informed about the firm, telephoned other alumni from USC to talk to them about their banking experiences, and seemed as though he had been reading up on investment banking, speaking very cogently about recent barrier deals in some of his interviews. When asked whether he was sure he wanted to leave his business, he said he was ready for new challenges and that his younger brother was going to run it in his absence. The biggest concern interviewers had with Sanchez was from his resume, which listed a 2. 8 for his undergraduate GPA.When asked about his business school GPA, Sanchez had said it was a 3. 1. At a time when most schools including USC had a fair amount of grade inflation, SG Cowen bankers were 9 402-028 SG Cowen New Recruits concerned that he had had so many Cs on his record over the years. Were not looking for rocket scientists, but a 2. 8 really sticks out, one banker said. Sanchez had pointed out to one of his interviewers that his SATs and GMATs were quite high and that his low grades only reflected the amount of work he was putting into running his business.Rae looked over the other resumes of the Super Saturday candidates, and Sanchez had a very agonistical SAT score and one of the highest GMAT scores. Sanchez had told one of his interviewers, There was a lot of demand for our services, so we got steamy and grew the business pretty fast, and I also needed to make enough money to put myself through school and then put my two brothers through school. Unfortunately, that left me little time for studying. Decision duration The bankers were having a hard time deciding among the four candidates, and they were running out of energy. The snow was coming down faster, and most f the food was gone, the bankers now going back to the buffet for a second get up or some lukewarm pasta. They had made good progress, but choosing these last two candidates was not turn of events out to be an easy task. Rae remembered Fennebresques admonition to make the hiring process our most important priority. One banker spoke up, Chip, lets keep this meeting moving. The roads look bad, and its my anniversary tonight. If I dont get home soon, Im in deep trouble. 10 SG Cowen New Recruits Exhibit 1 402-028 Sample Pages from Raes military rank Book (Prior Candidates) Candidate Bill Berry Bill BerryLarry Larry Fromkin,Vice President, Health Care Linda Conway, Managing Director, Technology Daniel Jones, Associate Technology Lynn smith Carl Havens, Vice President, Technology Gloria Watson, Associate, Barr Devlin K. C. *K. C. 11 402-028 SG Cowen New Recruits Exhibit 1 (continued) Candidate Damon Sam Sam Damon Vijaya Vijaya Parbhu, Managing Director, M&A Aaron Solomon, Associate, Technology Sam Chung/Lewis Anderson, Associate s, Technology M&A Lynn Smith Tom Tedlow, Director, Technology Danny Lewis, Director, Technology 12 SG Cowen New Recruits 402-028 Exhibit 1 (continued) Candidate William XuWilliam Xu Ken Ken Arendt, Associate, Technology Samantha Adams/Lewis Anderson, Associates, Technology M&A Charlotte Williams, Managing Director, Equity tete-a-tete Placements Lynn Smith Michael Brennan, Associate, Barr Devlin Cal Pava, Managing Director, Technology with maturity 13 402-028 SG Cowen New Recruits Exhibit 1 (continued) CSara Wicher Wicher andidate Sara Mitch Mitch Madison, Director, Technology Sam Downing, Managing Director, Equity Private Placem ents Daniela Galvin, Associate, Technology Lynn Smith Bill Friedan, Associate, Technology Darrell Rawlins, Managing Director, TechnologySource Company. 14 SG Cowen New Recruits Exhibit 2 402-028 Associate Evaluation Form SG Cowen Investment Banking Division Associate Evaluation Form CANDI run into SCHOOL EVALUATOR DATE GROUP INTEREST OUTSTANDING GOOD FAIR U NSATISFACTORY COMMITMENT TO FIRM JUDGMENT/ adulthood INTERPERSONAL SKILLS Impact/Presence Communication Skills LEADERSHIP Initiative Motivation TECHNICAL SKILLS Creativity theoretical account Accounting/Finance Prioritizing WORK ETHIC Team Player Flexibility/Versatility Motivation OVERALL pass judgment COMMENTS RECOMMENDATION(CIRCLE ONE) HIRE DONT HIRE Source Company. 15